Crystallography and metallography

Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Karaganda State Technical University

Confirmed by

Chairman of the Academic Council,

rector, RK NAS academician

Gazaliyev A.M.

_______________________

_________ ____, 20___.

Syllabus

Course CM 2208 «Crystallography and metallography»

Module Met 22  «Metallurgy»

                                Major 5B070900 – «Metallurgy»

Mechanical Engineering Institute

Department of Metallurgy, Materials Science and Nanotechnology

2012

Preface

 

Syllabus is worked out by сand.of sc., associate professor Kvon Svetlana Sergeyevna.

 

 

 

Discussed at the meeting of the department « Metallurgy, Materials Science and Nanotechnologies »

Minutes № _______ of ______________ «____» 20___

Head of department ________________    ___________«____» 20___

    (signature)

Approved by the Educational Council of the Mechanical Engineering Institute

Minutes №  _______ of ______________ «____» 20___

Chairman ________________        ____________ «____» 20___

                                     (signature)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tutor’s personal data and contact information

Kvon Svetlana Sergeevna cand.of.sc., associate professor of «Metallurgy, Materials Science and Nanotechnologies» department.

 

 

«Metallurgy, Materials Science and Nanotechnology» chair is in the main building of KSTU, B. Mira, 56 room No.313, contact phone 56-59-35 add. 1024

 

Course labour intensity

 

Course description

Course «Mineralogy, crystallography and metallography» is included in the cycle of mandatory basic subjects of the major 5B070900 “Metallurgy”, specialization «Metallurgy ferrous and nonferrous metals», «Technique of processing of metals».

Course purpose

Course «Mineralogy, crystallography and metallography» study of the theoretical fundamentals and application aspects  of crystallography and microscopic metallography as scientific fundamentals of the decision of metallurgical and physicometallurgical problems of various character.

 

Course objectives

As a result of studying of this course:

student knows:

– About classification, properties, structure and genesis of minerals;

– About classification of chips, modes of their exposition;

– About structure of metal alloys, modes of their handling for the purpose of

– About crystallization and plastic deformation processes;

– The basic methods of the exposition of chips and crystalline structure;

– Methods of study of structure and properties of metals and alloys;

student is able:

– to analyze structurization processes, phase transformations in metal systems;

– to describe composition, structure and properties of minerals;

– of decryptions and interpretations of composition, structure and properties of metal systems;

– of the assaying of double structural diagrams of metal systems, definitions of phase composition of alloy;

 

Prerequisites

Studying of this course requires assimilation of the following courses (with the indication of sections (subjects)):

 

Post requisites:

The knowledge received at studying of course «Mineralogy, crystallography and metallography», is used at mastering of following disciplines:

1.     Radiography.

1. Theory and technique of heat treatment.
2. Mechanical properties of materials.
3. Physical properties of materials.
4. Modern methods of probe of materials.

 

Thematic plan of course

 

Name of section (subject)	Labour intensity on types of classes, h.
	lectures	practical	laboratory	OH	AL
Theme 1. Concept about chips and uncrystalline substances. Morphology and physical properties of minerals. Paragenesis of minerals.	–	–	–	3	3
Theme 2. Petrography. The basic theories of genesis of mineral deposit.	–	–	–	3	3
Theme 3. Crystalline state performance. Empirical laws of crystallography.	1	1	–	2	2
Theme 4. Geometrical mode of the exposition of chips. Indexes of crystallographic directions and plains.	2	2	–	2	2
Theme 5. Method of crystallographic projections.	2	2	–	2	2
Theme 6. Elements of symmetry and symmetric transformations. Simple and symmetry difficult elements.	1	1	–	2	2
Theme 7. Symmetry classes. Distribution of classes on singony. The symmetry formula.	1	–	–	3	3
Theme 8. The Low level cell, its parameters. Concept of base. Types of grids of Brave.	1	–	–	3	3
Theme 9. Elements crystallchemical. Coordination number and coordination polyhedron. Theory of most dense packaging.	–	2	–	2	2
Theme 10. Pointwise imperfections. Vacancies, atoms, atoms of admixture. Imperfections the Schottky, Frenkel.	–	2	–	3	3
Theme 11. Linear imperfections. Edge and screw dislocations. Head loop and vector of Bjurgers.	–	1	–	2	2
Theme 12. Surface imperfections. Section boundaries, their classification. Low-angle and imperfections.	–	–	2	2	2
Theme 13. Atomic-crystal structure of metals. Crystalline grids. Interatomic links in metals.	1	–	2	2	2
Theme 14. Crystallization of metals. Thermodynamics of process of crystallization. The factors influencing process of crystallization.	1	–	2	2	2
Theme 15. Strain of metals. Elastic and plastic Strain.	–	–	2	3	3
Theme 16. Structure of firm alloys. Firm solutes of introduction and substitution. Intermediate phases.	2	–	2	2	2
Theme 17. Two-component systems. Aspects of double glow irises. Rule of phases.	1	2	2	3	3
Theme 18. Three-component systems. Modes of the image of phase glow irises of three-component systems. The basic types of diagrams	–	–	–	2	2
Theme 19. The Structural diagram iron – cement carbide. Performance phase and structures of steels, white and gray irons.	2	2	3	2	2
Total:	15	15	15	45	45

 

List of laboratory classes

1. Exposition of mineral, its properties and genesis.
2. Translation. Laws of Stenon, Woolf-Bregg, Gajui.
3. Method of crystallographic projections.
4. Method of crystallographic indicating.
5. Definition of elements of symmetry of crystals.
6. Assaying of the double glow iris.
7.  Constitutional diagram of systems Fe-Fe₃C, Fe-C.

 

 Theme of course projects (works)

1. Engineering of sample preparation for microscopic studies.
2. Structure and light microscope operation.
3. Study of process of primary crystallization.
4. Double diagram of system stibium-lead.
5. Quantitative metallographic analysis.
6. Steel microstructure after cold flowage and postheating.
7. Steel microstructure and white irons.

 

Thematic plan of office hours

 

OH theme	Objectives	Form classes	Contents of classes	Recommended literature
Theme 1. Concept about chips and uncrystalline substances. Morphology and physical properties of minerals. Paragenesis of minerals.	Mastering of new material	Excursion in geologo-mineralogical museum of KSTU, consultation	To make Report on the given theme. The mineral exposition	[2,8-10]
Theme 2. Petrography. The basic theories of genesis of mineral deposit.	Mastering of new material	Seminar	To make Report on the given theme	[2,8-10]
Theme 3. Crystalline state performance. Empirical laws of crystallography.	To deepen knowledge on the given theme	Seminar	The message on theme	[1, 6,7]
Theme 4. Geometrical mode of the exposition of chips. Method of crystallographic projections.	To deepen knowledge on the given theme	Problem solving	Problems 1,2,3	[6,7]
Theme 5. Indexes of crystallographic directions and plains.	To deepen knowledge on the given theme	Problem solving	On the instructions of the teacher	[6,7]
Theme 6. Elements of symmetry and symmetric transformations. Simple and symmetry difficult elements.	To deepen knowledge on the given theme	Problem solving	Problems 4-6	[1,6]
Theme 7. Symmetry class-rooms. Distribution of class-rooms on singony. The symmetry formula.	To deepen knowledge on the given theme	Problem solving	Problems 5,6	[1,6]
Theme 8. The Low level cell, its parameters. Concept of basis. Types of grids of Brave.	To deepen knowledge on the given theme	Consultation	Abstract formulation	[1,6]
Theme 9. Crystal chemistry elements. Coordination number and coordination polyhedron. The theory of the most dense packaging.	To deepen knowledge on the given theme	Problem solving	Problems!-3	[1,6 themes 9,10]
Theme 10. Pointwise imperfections. Vacancies, interjunction atoms, atoms of admixture. Imperfections the Schottky, Frenkel.	To deepen knowledge on the given theme	Seminar	The message on difficult imperfections	[1,2,5,6]
Theme 11. Linear imperfections. Edge both screw dislocations. Head loop and vector of Bjurgersa.	To deepen knowledge on the given theme	Seminar	Circuit designs of formation of dislocations	[1,2,5,6]
Theme 12. Surface defects. Interfaces, their classification. Low-angle and high-angle imperfections.	To deepen knowledge on the given theme	Consultation	Report on the given theme	[1,2,5,6]
Theme 13. Atomic-crystal structure of metals. Crystal lattices. Interatomic bonds in metals.	To deepen knowledge on the given theme	Consultation	Report on the given theme	[3,5]
Theme 14. Crystallization of metals. Thermodynamics of process of crystallization. Factors influencing process Crystallizations.	To deepen knowledge on the given theme	Consultation	Report on the given theme	[3,5]
Theme 15. Strain of metals. Elastic and flowage.	To deepen knowledge on the given theme	Consultation	Report on the given theme	[3,5]
Theme 16. Structure of firm alloys. Heading and substitution solid solutions. Intermediate phases.	To deepen knowledge on the given theme	Seminar	The message on the given theme	[3,5]
Theme 17. Two-component systems. Aspects of double glow irises. Phase rule.	To deepen knowledge on the given theme	Seminar	Analysis of glow irises	[3,4,5]
Theme 18. Three-component systems. Modes of the image of phase diagrams of three-component systems. Basic types of diagrams.	To deepen knowledge on the given theme	Consultation	Report on the given theme	[3,5]
Theme 19. The Constitutional diagram iron – cement carbide. Performance phase and structures of steels, white and gray pig irons.	To deepen knowledge on the given theme	Seminar	Analysis of the glow iris, structures of steels and irons	[3,5]

 

Subjects of control tasks for AL

1. Woolf’s grid.

2. The analysis and construction of freezing curve of alloy of system iron-cement carbide with the set total carbon.

 

Criteria of students’ knowledge assessment

The examination mark is determined by course as the sum of the maximum indexes of progress on midterm controls (to 60%) and to final attestation (examination) (to 40%) and makes value to 100% according to the table.

 

 

Grade «A» (excellent) is put in the case if student during a term showed perfect knowledge of all program questions of course, and also of subjects of independent work, regularly handed over midterm tasks, showed independence in studying of theoretical and applied questions according to the main program of studied course, and also on extra program questions.

Grade «A-» (excellent) stipulates perfect knowledge of basic laws and processes, concepts, ability to generalization of theoretical questions of course, regular handing of midterm tasks of classroom and independent work.

Grade  “B+” (good) is put in the case if student showed good and excellent knowledge of course questions, regularly handed over term tasks generally on “excellent” and some on “good”.

Grade “B” (good) is put in the case if student showed good knowledge of the questions opening the main maintenance of a concrete subject of course, and also subject of independent work, regularly handed over term tasks on “good” and “excellent”.

Grade “B-” (good) is put to a student in the case if he well is guided in theoretical and applied questions of course both on classroom, and on AL subjects, but irregularly handed over midterm tasks and had cases of a repeating an examination of term tasks on course.

Grade “C+” (satisfactory) is put to a student in the case he owns questions of conceptual character by all types of room classes and AL, can open the maintenance of separate modules of course, hands over on “good” and “satisfactory” term tasks.

Grade “C” (satisfactory) is put to a student in the case he owns questions of conceptual character by all types of room classes and AL, can open the maintenance of separate modules of course, hands over on “satisfactory” term tasks.

Grade “C-” (satisfactory) is put to a student in the case student during a term regularly handed over term tasks, but concerning room classes and AL owns only the general concepts and can explain only separate regularities and their understanding within a concrete subject.

Grade “D+” (satisfactory) is put to a student in the case he irregularly handed over term tasks concerning room classes and AL owns only the general concepts and can explain only separate regularities and their understanding within a concrete subject.

Grade “D-” (satisfactory) is put to a student in the case he irregularly handed over term tasks, concerning room classes and AL, owns the minimum volume of knowledge, and also allowed admissions of classes.

Grade “F” (unsatisfactorily) is put when student practically doesn’t own the minimum theoretical and practical material of room classes and AL on course, irregularly visits classes and doesn’t hand over in time term tasks.

Midterm control is carried out on the 7, 14 weeks of study and it develops        proceeding from the following types of control:

 

 

Policy and procedures

At the studying course “Metrological provision of production” I ask to observe the following rules:

1. Not to be late for classes.

2. Not to skip classes without a good reason, in case of an illness I ask to provide the reference, in other cases – an explanatory note.

3. Duties of the student include visit of all types of occupations.

4. According to the schedule diagram of educational process to hand over all types of control.

5. To fulfill the passed practical and laboratory researches in time specified by the teacher.

6. To fulfill the passed lecture classes (irrespective of the reason) in the form of the paper on the passed subject.

7. Actively to participate in educational process.

8. To be tolerant, open, frank and benevolent to fellow students and teachers.

 

Educational and methodical support of course

Author	Literature	Publishing house, year of the issue	Number of copies
			at library	at department
Main literature
Shaskol’skaya M.P.	Crystallography	High School, 1984	6	1
Bulls A.G.	Mineralogy of the basics of crystallography.	Nedra, Moscow,	26	3
B.G. Lifschitz	Metallography	1989	5	2
A.M. Zakharov	Diagrams of binary and ternary systems	Moscow: Metallurgiya,	5	2
A.P. Gulyaev	Metal science	1990.334 p.	10	1
Kwon Sv.S. Atambayev J.N.	Crystallography and crystal defects	M., Me., 1990	10	25
Kwon Sv.S. Atambayev J.N.	Method. Instructions for Practical. The course “Crystallography and crystal defects”	M., Me. 1990	10	25
Additional literature
Kuzmin V.I.	Mineralogical methods of exploration and evaluation of mineral deposits.	Mineral feedstocks, № 5.: SIMS, 1999.	1	–
Mitchell R.S.	The names of minerals.	Springer-Verlag,	1	–
Milovsky A.V., Kononov  O.V.	Mineralogy	1982 248C	1	–

 

Schedule of performing and passing tasks on course

 

Type of control	Purpose and content of assignment	Recommended literature	Duration	Form of control	Handing term
Reporton pract.	To master method crystallographic	[1, 6,7], Lecture notes	3 weeks	Current	3 week
Reporton lab.work	To execute lab.work 1,2	[3,5,11]	3 weeks	Current	3 week
The record	To prepare the job on OH	[1, 6,7]	3 weeks	Current	4 week
Reporton pract.	To master method of crystallographic projections	[1, 6,7], Lecture notes	2 weeks	Current	6 week
Examination	Control of knowledge Themes 1-5	[1,3,5, 6,7, 11], Lecture notes	1 hour	Current	5 week
Report on pract.	Grids of Brave	[3,5], Lecture notes	2 weeks	Current	8 week
Reporton lab.work	To execute lab.work. 3,4,5	[3,5,11]	4 weeks	Current	9 week
The record	To prepare the job on OH	[1, 6,7]	4 weeks	Current	9 week
Reporton pract.	Elements of symmetry of chips	[3,5], Lecture notes	2 weeks	Current	10 week
Reporton pract.	Elements crystallchemic.	[3,5], Lecture notes	2 weeks	Current	12 week
Reporton pract.	Imperfections of crystalline structure	[3,5], Lecture notes	1 week	Current	13 week
Reporton lab.work	To execute lab. 6,7	[3,5,11]	4 weeks	Current	14 week
The record	To prepare the job on OH	[1, 6,7]	4 weeks	Current	14 week
Examination	Control of knowledge Themes 10-15	[1,3,5, 6,7, 11], Lecture notes	1 hour	current	14 week
Examination	Control of knowledge at the rate	[1,3,5, 6,7, 11], Lecture notes, records on OH	1 hour	The total	In session

 

Questions for selfverification

1. Definition of concept “mineral”.
2. What formulas of minerals exist?
3. What is the isomorphism? Reduce examples of the minerals representing isomorphic mixture.
4. What is the polymorphism?
5. What firmness has minerals?
6. To name minerals of scale of hardness of Moos.
7. What reasons of painting of minerals?
8. Translation, spatial grid, low level cell.
9. Law of Stenon. Woolf’s condition – Bregg.
10.  Law of persistence of edges.
11. Indicate directions and nodes.
12. Indicating plains.
13. Elements of symmetry of crystalline polyhedrons.
14. Crystallographic categories, symmetry classes.
15. Symmetry formulas.
16.  Grids of Brave.
17.  Basic Concept .
18. Types of crystalline grids of metals.
19. What aspect of chemical bond is characteristic for metals?
20. What is called as phase, component, degree of freedom, system?
21. What does allow fixing rule of phases of Gibbs?
22. What coordinates system of structural diagram is under construction?
23. What alloy is called eutectic ?
24. Formulation of rule of cuts.
25. What structures are hypoeutectic, eutectic and hypereutectic alloys stibium-lead?
26. Aspects of the most typical structural diagrams.
27. Responses eutectic and peritic transformations.
28. Define solutes of substitution.
29. Define solutes of introduction.
30. Intermediate phases.
31. What is the triangular concentration?
32. What does tops of concentration triangular mean?
33. How to define alloy composition in concentration triangular?
34. What is germ critical dimension?
35. What factors do influence rate of crystallization?
36. How it is possible to affect grit size at crystallization?
37. Why is zone of dendrites at primary crystallization organized?
38. What is the plastic deformation?
39. What is the elastic deformation?
40. What does recrystallization process consists in?
41.  What is the mechanical hardening?
42. Concept of structure.
43. Curve of tension of metals.
44.  How do properties of metal as a result of cold plastic deformation change?
45. Components, phases, structural components on the diagram iron – cement.
46. What is the ferrite, perlite, cement carbide, ledeburite?
47. Specify on diagram Fе-Fе₃С of area of steels and white irons.
48. What structure:1.Technical iron; 2.Hypoeutectoid steel; 3.Eutectoid steel;
49. Record responses of transformations for diagram Fе-Fе₃С
50. How much is carbon in ferrite, perlite, ledeburite, cement carbide?